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				<publisherName>Zibeline International Publishing</publisherName>
				<publisherLoc>Tropical Agrobiodiversity</publisherLoc>
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			<doi origin="razipublishing" registered="yes">10.26480/trab.01.2026.17.25</doi>
			
			<issn type="online">2716-7046</issn>
			
			<titleGroup>
				<title type="subject" xml:lang="en" sort="Tropical Agrobiodiversity">Tropical Agrobiodiversity</title>
				<title type="title">ADVANCING GANODERMA MANAGEMENT IN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS: EFFICACY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF “SAWIT SHIELD” BIO-INOCULANT</title>
			</titleGroup>
			
			<copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2017 Zibeline International Publishing</copyright>
			
			<eventGroup>
				<event type="publication_date" date="27-02-2026"/>
			</eventGroup>

			<creators>
				<creator xml:id="WH" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Winner Henry</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator>
				<creator xml:id="KAO" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Khairul Azhan Othman</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator>
                <creator xml:id="CPJ" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Clarence Peter Jupili</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator> 
                <creator xml:id="CHC" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Chun Hong Choon</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator>
                <creator xml:id="SHTP" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Shih Hao Tony Peng</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator>
                <creator xml:id="CT" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Charles Then</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator>
			</creators>
			
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		<citation_keywords>
		    <keyword>Ganoderma boninense; Trichoderma; “Sawit Shield”; Oil palm sustainability; biocontrol.</keyword>
		</citation_keywords>
			
		<citation_pdfformat>
		     <pdf_url>https://trab.org.my/archives/1trab2026/1trab2026-17-25.pdf</pdf_url>
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	         <xml_url>https://trab.org.my/xml/1trab2026/1trab2026-17-25.xml</xml_url>
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	   <citation_volume>
	       <volume>7</volume>
	   </citation_volume>
	   
	   <citation_issue>
	        <issue>1</issue>
	   </citation_issue>
	   
	   <citation_pages>
	      <pages>17-25</pages>
	   </citation_pages>  
	   
	   <citation_fulltext_html>
	       <fulltext_html>https://trab.org.my/trab-01-2026-17-25</fulltext_html>
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			<abstract type="main" xml:lang="en">
			<title type="main">Summary</title>
			
					<p>Ganoderma boninense-induced basal stem rot (BSR) remains among the most significant challenges to oil palm productivity and sustainability in Malaysia. Accompanying this, "Sawit Shield", a bio-inoculant based on Trichoderma, developed from endophytic strains isolated from naturally recovered palms, was evaluated by widespread nursery and multi-year field trials. At the nursery stage, premature inoculation with "Sawit Shield" successfully suppressed Ganoderma infection, in which treated seedlings had only 23.3%–30.0% disease incidence but infected non-treated controls had 100%. Field testing was conducted at Pegagau Estate (Semporna) and Pitas Estate (Kudat), both of which are high-risk locations and have been worst-hit by Ganoderma attacks. The Sawit Shield-treated palms in Pegagau were only 0% infected at 60 months, as opposed to the controls at 4.17%. Similarly, 36 months observation at Pitas reported 0% infection from the treated plots against 11.67% in controls. Treated palms in Pegagau outperformed controls in fresh fruit bunch production throughout four years with a maximum of 32.94 Mt/ha and with significantly higher average bunch weight each year. These findings justify "Sawit Shield"'s consistent ability to suppress disease development and optimize agronomic performance under on-farm field conditions. Aside from disease control, environmental benefits were also achieved, for instance, reduced reliance on chemical fungicides and fertilizers (by 15–20%) and valorization of palm oil mill by-products in formulation. With proven efficacy, environmental value, and industrial adaptability, "Sawit Shield" is an expandable, environment, social and governance (ESG)-suited biocontrol solution for sustainable oil palm plantation management.</p>
			</abstract>

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